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General Grivas who founded the national organization of Cypriot Fighters (EOKA)

 

HISTORY OF ATHENS

The Greek Military Junta
(Regime of the Colonels)
The Cyprus Dispute and fall of the Junta
1955-1959: EOKA campaign and creation of TMT


Guerilla fighter Markos Drakos (left) and his gang. He was the right hand man of Grivas. On 18 January 1957, he was killed by British forces in SoleaIn January 1955, Grivas founded the National Organization of Cypriot Fighters (Ethniki Organosis Kyprion Agoniston – EOKA). On 1 April 1955, EOKA opened a campaign against British rule in a well-coordinated series of attacks on police, military, and other government installations in Nicosia, Famagusta, Larnaca and Limassol. This resulted in the deaths of over 100 British servicemen and personnel and Greek Cypriots suspected of collaboration.

In 1957 the Turkish Resistance Organization (Türk Mukavemet Teskilati – TMT), was formed to fight EOKA. In response to the growing demand for enosis, a number of Turkish Cypriots became convinced that the only way to protect the interests and identity of the Turkish Cypriot population in the event of enosis would be to divide the island into a Greek and a Turkish sector, a policy known as taksim ("partition" in Turkish).

Dr. Fazil Kucuk who became the first and only Turkish Cypriot Vice President in 1959By now the island was on the verge of civil war. In December 1958, representatives of Greece and Turkey discussed the concept of an independent Cyprus, i.e., neither enosis nor taksim. Subsequent talks yielded a compromise agreement supporting independence, laying the foundations of the Republic of Cyprus. In London, the Greek and Turkish representatives were joined by representatives of the Greek Cypriots, the Turkish Cypriots (represented by Dr. Fazil Kucuk), and the British.

The Zurich-London agreements that became the basis for the Cyprus constitution of 1960 were supplemented with three treaties - the Treaty of Establishment, the Treaty of Guarantee and the Treaty of Alliance. Greek Cypriots, especially members of organizations such as EOKA, expressed disappointment because enosis had not been attained. Turkish Cypriots, however, welcomed the agreements and set aside their demand for taksim.

According to the Treaty of Establishment, Britain retained sovereignty over 256 square kilometers, which became the Dhekelia Sovereign Base Area, to the northwest of Larnaca, and the Akrotiri Sovereign Base Area to the southwest of Limassol. Cyprus became independent on 16 August 1960. Top

  

 
  HISTORY OF ATHENS
  ATHENS IN MODERN TIMES
  POST-WAR PERIOD
  MILITARY JUNTA
  CYPRUS DISPUTE AND FALL

  EOKA COMPAIGN AND
  CREATION OF TMT

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